BIOMATERIALS

1. How to define biomaterials and biocompatibility?

2. What materials are used as biomaterials?

3. How do tissue interact with biomaterials?

• Bioengineers

• Material researchers

• Immunologists

• pharmacists

• Biologists

• Surgeons

• Computer researchers 

delineation of biocomponents

Biocomponents are components of natural or man-made origin that are used to directly supplement or restore the functions of dwelling tissue.

Biomaterial is "any matter (other than pharmaceuticals) or combination of compounds synthetic or natural in origin, which can be utilised for any time span of time, as a whole or as a part of a scheme which treats, augments, or replaces any tissue, organ, or function
of the body".

Biocompatibilty

non-allergenic, body-fluid compatible, non-inflammatory

autoclaving, dry heat, emission, ethylene oxide 

Sterilizability

Not decimated or harshly changed by sterilizing methods such as 

personal Characteristics

Inert, non-carcinogenic, non-pyrogenic, non-toxic, 

power, toughness, elasticity, corrosion-resistance, 

wear-resistance, long-term steadiness

Manufacturability

Machinable, moldable, extrudable

No material is unanimously biocompatible!!!

Biocompatibility Testing

Considerations:

Type of device, standard tissue(s) in communicate, time span of implantation


Tests for Chronically Implanted apparatus:

In Vitro: cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity

In Vivo: pyrogenicity, systemic/acute toxicity

Chronic Animal Implantation investigations
(3 species for 6, 12 and 24 months)